The Economic Cost of Climate Change Effects

Acquaintance Climate change alludes with an enduring and noteworthy change in the factual conveyance of climate designs. This can happen over a significant stretch of time, from decades to a large number of years (Parry 2007). Despite the fact that environmental change may influence a particular district, then again, it can likewise influence the whole globe.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Economic Cost of Climate Change Effects explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Because the general meaning of environmental change includes changes in the factual segments of an atmosphere framework without considering the reasons for such changes, changes in atmosphere over a brief timeframe, (for example, quite a few years, as on account of El Nino) doesn't establish environmental change. The intricate interconnection between water assets, atmosphere, financial and biophysical frameworks implies that whenever one of these parts experiences a change, it inf luences different components (Pongiglione 2011). There is sufficient convincing proof in writing to help the case that environmental change is a genuine danger to the very endurance of human race. Likewise, the present exposition tries to respond to the inquiry, is environmental change the most genuine danger confronting mankind? In such manner, the exposition will endeavor to inspect the monetary expense related with the impacts of environmental change, and the passings credited to this wonder. Is environmental change the most genuine danger confronting mankind? Environmental change is presently generally viewed as the greatest test confronting humankind. Expanded continuous dry spells, liquefying icy masses, rising temperatures, and flooding, is sufficient proof that the test of environmental change to mankind is presently a reality (Dykstra 2006). People in the future are confronted with titanic dangers on account of environmental change and therefore, there is have to guarantee that we make dire move to contain environmental change. A great deal of assets have been coordinated towards the running of projects intended to make mindfulness about the impacts of environmental change so individuals may change their conduct and adjust techniques that will bring about reasonable administration of normal assets. This is planned for hindering the effect of environmental change (Dykstra 2006).Advertising Looking for article on natural investigations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, other than environmental change, we are probably going to be confronted other major natural dangers in the years ahead. Other than adding to the worldwide natural change, environmental change is additionally viewed as a key part of the interweaved and complex biological system. Accordingly, various key ecological issues and solid between linkages between atmosphere changes will be the principle issues confronting the peop le to come. We likewise need to recall that environmental change has affected biodiversity and subsequently, the misfortune in biodiversity, along these lines affecting significantly on environmental change. Changes in dry seasons, precipitation examples and dry seasons all join to cause land corruption, for example, desertification, soil disintegration, and decaying soil quality. When land has been debased, it will in general discharge progressively ozone depleting substances and carbon into the environment. This successfully murders the biodiversity. The discharged gases may sequester carbon and therefore, an input circle results, accordingly escalating environmental change (International Daily Newswire 2006). Environmental change may likewise fuel water debasement since it destabilizes ground water tables. Passing by the ongoing logical proof, there is more reason to get excited about the effect of environmental change on people than we may presume. For instance, a portion of the impacts of environmental change verges on the issues of security plan: starvation, infection, and flooding. This outcomes in remarkable movements in zones that are as of now encountering high strain. What's more, environmental change can bring about harvest disappointment and dry season, bringing about upgraded rivalry for water, vitality, and food in locales previously wrestling with restricted assets (Dykstra 2006). Likewise, such districts are probably going to encounter monetary interruptions for a huge scope. The issue of environmental change isn't only a danger to national security, yet to the worldwide security also since the world is getting progressively reliant and delicate. This means the impacts of environmental change on locale are felt in another area. Without a steady atmosphere, it would be extremely difficult for a nation to battle destitution. The Euro indicator pool that was directed in June 2011 shows that Europeans are persuaded that environmental change groups a more serious peril to mankind that the current worldwide money related emergency (Pongiglione 2011). As per this survey, environmental change was positioned as the second most noteworthy danger to the globe and mankind, in the wake of poverty.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Economic Cost of Climate Change Effects explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More 89 percent of those members who reacted to the overview saw environmental change as a â€Å"serious† issue. The reality of environmental change can't be thought little of remembering that no one can guarantee insusceptibility to its belongings. The impacts of environmental change and atmosphere fluctuation on normal frameworks and people present grave risk to our expectations to accomplish practical turn of events and decrease destitution. Thus, different members from various nations are called upon to collaborate in guaranteeing that they decrease the effect of environmental change. A s of late, we have encountered a great deal of extreme climate conditions and catastrophic events, and this has disturbed monetary exercises in the creating and the created nations and all the while, addressed the lives of a huge number of individuals (Pongiglione 2011). An a valid example is the Indian Ocean tidal wave that significantly influenced the Southeast Asia district. Different models are the dry spells and surges of incredible size that have influenced various pieces of the globe. There is additionally the issue of the expanded power of tremors in India and Pakistani, just as the different typhoons in the Caribbean and North Atlantic locales. What this seems to recommend is that we all are confronted with different dangers inferable from environmental change. Because of the ongoing environmental change, outrageous warmth waves have expanded by somewhere in the range of two and multiple times the typical extents. What's more, environmental change has expanded the force and recurrence of extraordinary climate, bringing about a rise in harms. For instance, the normal calamities of 2005 are accepted to have made harms property to the tune of USD 220 billion (Natural Resource Defense Council 2011). Other than property harm, we additionally need to consider misfortunes in pay of those influenced. For instance, following the fallout of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the Louisiana State in the United States lost what could be compared to 15 % of its salary in the months that followed the catastrophe. Each nation on the planet needs to hold up under the cost of a worldwide temperature alteration. As per new research discoveries on the United States, on the off chance that the nation proceeds with the momentum drifts, the total expense of environmental change will be multiple times higher than its Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Advertising Searching for exposition on ecological examinations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More For this situation, land misfortunes, vitality cost, Hurricane harm and water costs alone will represent 1.8 percent of the country’s GDP by 2100 (Natural Resource Defense Council 2011). What these insights seem to recommend is that environmental change is a genuine danger to mankind, more than even organic risks. This is on the grounds that on account of organic risks, they are bound to influence a particular district, and not the whole globe. Be that as it may, environmental change influences the whole globe. For instance, unlawful logging of the woodland spread in one locale will have an impact in another district that relies upon this regular asset. As of now, the World Health Organization (WHO) evaluates that the impacts of environmental change brings about 150,000 passings every year. Then again, natural perils are thought to bring about 320,000 passings every year, on a worldwide scale (Safe Work Australia 2011). This is double the quantity of yearly passings ascribed t o environmental change. What this seems to propose is that organic perils speaks to a high danger to mankind, in spite of the fact that their probability of event is very low. Changes in precipitation and temperature conditions can likewise impact the examples of transmission of vector-borne contaminations and water-borne infections, including jungle fever (WHO 2011). Other than causing passing, environmental change likewise influence climate designs. Poor climate designs cause low food creation, bringing about expanded instances of hunger. Besides, proof likewise shows that if ozone harming substance outflows go unmitigated, they are probably going to build the infection trouble in the years to come. In the coming decades, the financial expenses of managing the impacts of environmental change will run into billions of dollars and those zones encountering higher paces of environmental change will make some hard memories adjusting to these conditions (Muller 2008). As per evaluates b y the United Nations Development Program, by 2015, we will require an extra USD 86 billion consistently to manage the impacts of environmental change (UNDP 2008). End Climate change has been viewed as the best danger confronting mankind today. This is on the grounds that the impacts of worldwide environmental change undermine the very endurance of the present human race, yet the people in the future too. Other than adding to an expected 150,000 passings every year, environmental change is likewise connected with a misfortune in biodiversity, land debasement, soil disintegration

The Blood Disorder Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

You need glucose for breath. For representation when you practice your musculuss need a bunch of glucose. Glucose is a signifier of sugar and a head start of vitality subsequently the ground you need it to get your musculuss and so on. We will compose a custom paper test on The Blood Disorder Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Glucose is made out of Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon. Consequently it tends to be called natural since it contains C. Glucose is shipped by the cells in the natural structure ; each cell in the natural structure contains it. Ways you can take it in can change however for the most part and obviously you can take it in through the supplement you eat. Nourishments which contain saccharides will consolidate high degrees of glucose. After the natural structure has the saccharides, it separates the supplement into vitality. Vitality as referenced before is expected to make ordinary things, for example, raising weaponries, legs, pess and so forth Low aggregates of glucose in the circulatory system is called hyperglycemia. This can take to Diabetes. On the off chance that you have a high degrees of glucose in your blood by and by, this may make to efforts. To thwart these, your weight ought to be kept a nearby oculus on each piece great as what you eat. Glucose is prepared, as referenced beneath, in the liver. Hormones advise the liver to treat glucose, ( put away glucagon is transformed into glucose to be discharged into the circulatory system ) the glucose is so dispersed to the natural structure contingent upon where you need it most.http:/www.geneticsrus.org/DNA/diabetes-glucose-regulation.gif Presentation The natural structure controls glucose degrees by let go ofing insulin to express the liver to change over glucagon into glucose which so is therefore discharged into the blood. On the off chance that the glucose degrees are too much low so the pancreas discharge the endocrine creature starch which so advises the liver to change over overflow glucagon which is non required go into glucagon for capacity. Diabetess is the disturbed in which numerous individuals experience the ill effects of. There are two kinds of diabetes type cubic decimeter and type ll. Type cubic decimeter diabetes is the point at which your natural structure is n’t doing sufficient insulin. Type ll diabetes is the point at which your natural structure is n’t using the insulin sufficiently in your natural structure. hypertext move convention:/www.google.co.uk/imgres? imgurl=http:/static.howstuffworks.com/gif/diabetes-glucose-regulation.gif A ; imgrefurl=http:/health.howstuffworks.com/sicknesses conditions/diabetes/diabetes1.htm A ; usg=__v8HDmmIwlesvzvJOeip_tbiaJWc= A ; h=457 A ; w=359 A ; sz=29 A ; hl=en A ; start=0 A ; zoom=1 A ; tbnid=Yq3fJyAYITe9pM: A ; tbnh=151 A ; tbnw=119 A ; ei=FTRBTcHbIoKwhAehoI3LAQ A ; prev=/pictures % 3Fq % 3Dglucose % 2Bdiabetes % 26um % 3D1 % 26hl % 3Den % 26biw % 3D1259 % 26bih % 3D599 % 26tbs % 3Disch:1 A ; um=1 A ; itbs=1 A ; iact=rc A ; dur=281 A ; oei=FTRBTcHbIoKwhAehoI3LAQ A ; esq=1 A ; page=1 A ; ndsp=18 A ; ved=1t:429, r:3, s:0 A ; tx=38 A ; ty=56Normally diabetes type cubic decimeter is a familial malady, however you can other than get it in light of employments in your resistant framework ( the capacity of your natural structure to turn up, invasion, and destruct sources ) , and ecological elements. hypertext move convention:/diabeticremediesguide.com/wp-content/transfers/2009/10/Type_1.jpg For type 1 diabetes the peril factors are ; get down sick in early infancy ( during childbirth, at yearling age. And so forth ) , early introduction to overawe ‘s milk in infancy and non being bosom Federal each piece great as a more seasoned female parent will give individual a high chance of type 1 diabetes. Other danger factors for type 1 diabetes are as per the following ; plumpness, inactive way of life ( non making sufficient practicing will expand the risks of beefiness which so will take onto diabetes. ) Unhealthy eating wonts, family unit history and hereditary sciences, expanded age. On the off chance that you are presented to these peril factors so you have to see your GP for a general diagnosings. hypertext move convention:/www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/illustrations/pictures/en/9273.jpg Diabetes has manifestations yet these indications are at that place if diabetes is n’t treated for a long clasp. The indications of type 1 diabetes are ; Unnecessary thirst †Because your kidneys are a channel, they take out the glucose in your blood waterway and reuse it for your natural structure to use, yet in the event that there is too much glucose in your blood so your kidneys can non take out all the glucose in your blood so the glucose that is forgotten about over it in to your pee by your kidneys. For glucose to be â€Å" dumped † into your piss, more H2O requests to be removed from your kidneys so as to deliver piss, which outcomes in drying up. ( http:/www.ehow.com/about_5340904_diabetes-make-thirsty.html # ixzz15chIQ5Wn ) Obscured vision †Some individuals have glucose building up in the focal points of their eyes, this can result in dim vision if the individual is undiscovered. Tiredness †If glucose is n’t balancing around your natural structure so you may encounter tired in light of the fact that you need glucose to deliver straightforward endeavors, for example, raising up your arm or talking. Whenever left for unnecessarily long so even breath would be needed to treat, this will result in perish. Diseases, for example, thrush and irritation of the venereal nations, and skin disturbances brought about by over developing of barm on the covering. Expanded hunger †If glucose is low in the natural structure so the natural structure feels an interest to eat more for more vitality, this outcomes in expanded appetency over an extensive stretch of clasp. Expanded creation of piss during the twenty-four hours and dull †Besides clarified over, the additional glucose requests to be removed from your natural structure and this is done through your piss, in light of the fact that your natural structure needs to keep up getting free or glucose, pee requests to be delivered along these lines the ground why your peeing so every now and again. Loss of gauge if glucose is n’t utilized conventionally so the natural structure is n’t hive awaying any glucose either ; this will result in the loss of weight as glucagon is other than known as fat. Another ground will be on the grounds that insulin is n’t working appropriately so that ‘s why creature starch is utilized to express the liver to change over glucagon which is put away glucose back t glucose with the goal that the natural structure can work adequately. Different contaminations of the covering ( yeast diseases and furuncles and so on ) Diagnosiss of Type 1 diabetes. There are numerous sorts of ways that diabetes type 1 can be analyzed. The ideal preliminary is the Fasting plasma glucose preliminary. The fasting plasma glucose preliminary is a preliminary which estimates blood glucose degrees after a quick. Fasting animated the arrival of the endocrine glucagon. Glucagon advises the liver to change over creature starch once again into glucose to relinquish it once more into the blood. At the point when individual does n’t eat anything for a long clasp so the natural structure needs something to do certain it has vitality to go about so the occupation is finished by glucose. In individuals who do n’t hold diabetes, the pancreas will watch the additional glucose in the blood and will relinquish the endocrine insulin. Insulin does the antonym to glucagon, it advise the liver to change over the additional glucose once more into creature starch for capacity. In person that holds diabetes type 1 ; the pancreas will non let go of insulin s o as to express the liver to change over glucose once more into creature starch for capacity and as an outcome, the blood will in any case hold additional wholes of glucose.http:/www.handsonhealth-sc.org/pictures/A/fasting_diabetes.gif Bring arounding and Treating Diabetes Diabetess can non be relieved. It can only be controlled to a degree which permits your natural structure to outline on the off chance that you did n’t hold diabetes. Clearly there are a few restrictions that a diabetic ought to follow, however in the normal clasp there are potential mediations, for example, insulin shootings. As a matter of first importance the motivation behind doctors ought to be to have the option to keep up the blood glucose degree close to typical. This is finished by insulin shootings which as a rule after a bit of cognizing that you have diabetes ought to be done at place. The patient infuses it self with insulin as a tablet can non be taken in light of the fact that the natural structure does n’t retain insulin by means of the spines. The vast majority have 2-4 infusions of insulin a day.http:/www.mediject.com/pictures/photo_how_products.jpg What is Insulin? hypertext move convention:/www.3dchem.com/imagesofmolecules/Insulin.jpg Insulin is an endocrine which is discharged by the pancreas for when the blood glucose degrees are identified to be unreasonably high. Insulin is sent to the liver to express the liver to change over the additional aggregate of glucose in the blood again into creature starch for capacity. On the top, insulin in the natural structure How is Human Insulin made? The utile cistron is cut from a human Deoxyribonucleic corrosive. ( In this occurrence insulin. ) This is gone before using chemicals. Specific compounds cut curious spots of DNA.http:/www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/training/bitesize/standard/img/science/hereditary eng.gif Chemicals are so used to cut the Deoxyribonucleic corrosive or a microscopic organisms thus the human cistron is embedded The bacteri um is so grown-up and took care of until they are for the most part bring forthing human insulin. This is a fast way of bring forthing human insulin other than this sort of insulin can be delivered on a major scale.http:/www.littletree.com.au/pictures/dna19.jpg hypertext move convention:/www.google.co.uk/imgres? imgurl=http:/static.howstuffworks.com/gif/diabetes-glucose-regulation.gif A ; imgrefurl=http:/health.howstuffworks.com/infections conditions/diabetes/diabetes1.htm A ; usg=__v8HDmmIwlesvzvJOeip_tbiaJWc= A ; h=457 A ; w=359 A ; sz=29 A ; hl=en A

How to Delegate Tasks Effectively (and Why Its Important)

How to Delegate Tasks Effectively (and Why It’s Important) One of my favorite Olympic sports to watch is track relay. The runners make blindly reaching for a baton at 20 mph while staying in their lanes look incredibly easy. But in truth, what they’re doing is extremely difficult. And it’s a lot like delegating effectively. Delegating sounds easyâ€"and others who can do it well make it look easyâ€"but passing the baton effectively requires a lot of trust, communication, and coordination. Still, if you learn how to delegateâ€"and you do it wellâ€"everyone on your team wins. Table of Contents: Why Is It Important to Delegate? Why Managers Fail to Delegate How to Determine When Delegating is Appropriate How to Delegate Tasks Effectively Why Is It Important to Delegate? As a leader, delegating is important because you can’tâ€"and shouldn’tâ€"do everything yourself. Delegating empowers your team, builds trust, and assists with professional development. And for leaders, it helps you learn how to identify who is best suited to tackle tasks or projects. Of course, delegating tasks can lighten your workload, but according to Dr. Scott Williams, professor of management at Wright State University, delegating does much more than just get stuff off your plate. For one, the people who work for you will be able to develop new skills and gain knowledge, which prepares them for more responsibility in the future. “Delegation can also be a clear sign that you respect your subordinates’ abilities and that you trust their discretion,” Williams writes. “Employees who feel that they are trusted and respected tend to have a higher level of commitment to their work, their organization, and, especially, their managers.” Why Managers Fail to Delegate While the benefits of delegating are obvious and plentiful, many managers still fail to delegate effectively. The reality is that there are several myths and misconceptions about delegating that can make some leaders wary of handing off work to others. They think delegating is just passing off work to someone else “Managers often mistake delegation for passing off work,” writes Harvey Mackay, founder of MackayMitchell Envelope Co. “So they don’t do it, and they wind up wasting their time as well as the company’s time and resources.” Delegation can be a chance to make workloads more manageable, but more than that, it can provide really valuable teaching opportunities for your employees, Mackay notes. Delegation is not a sign of weakness; it’s a sign of a strong leader. They think they can do it better One study found that two psychological processes make people more reluctant to delegate work: the self-enhancement effect, which is a manager’s tendency to evaluate a work product more highly the more involved he/she is in its production the faith in supervision effect, which is when people have a tendency to think work performed under the control of a supervisor is better than work performed without as much supervision Watch for those biases in your work. They could be a sign that you need to focus on building more trust within your team. Related: 6 Simple Tips for Effective Team Management They’re nervous about letting go Letting go can be challenging, but accepting that you can’t do everything yourself is important. “Giving up being ‘the go-to expert’ takes tremendous confidence and perspective even in the healthiest environments,” says Carol Walker, president of Prepared to Leadâ€"a consulting firm that focuses on developing young leaders. Remind yourself that your team wants to do good work and be successful just like you do. If your employees succeed, you succeed. “I’ve learned that people will seldom let you down if they understand that your destiny is in their handsâ€"and vice versa,” says Mackay. Theyre worried delegating will take longer than just doing the work Another common barrier to delegation is that it can take longer to teach someone else how to do a task than to just do it yourself. And while that might be true the first time you delegate the task, over time, the amount of time you have to dedicate to that task decreases because you won’t have to be involved with it at all. Imagine that it will take you eight hours to walk someone through a task you have to complete every week. Typically, it takes you an hour to complete the task. Once eight weeks have passed after you’ve trained someone else to do the task for you, you’ll have recouped the time you spent on training and now have an extra hour each week. With that extra hour, you can focus on more important work, such as strategy, coaching, or developmentâ€"the things leaders are supposed to do. How to Determine When Delegating is Appropriate Another common barrier to delegation is that leaders aren’t sure which tasks they should and shouldn’t be delegating. In every manager’s workloadâ€"particularly new managersâ€"there are likely tasks that you should do and tasks that you should delegate. Career and business strategist Jenny Blake recommends conducting an audit of your tasks using the rules below to find out which of your tasks should be delegated: Tiny: Tiny tasks are little things that only take a small amount of time to complete but add up over time. These might be things an assistant could do: scheduling meetings, booking flights for business trips, or deleting spam/marketing emails from your inbox. Tedious: Tedious tasks are mindless tasks, such as copying and pasting lead information from your marketing automation tool to your CRM. Tedious tasks require little skill and can be easily delegated. Time-consuming: Time-consuming tasks are opportunities to break work into smaller chunks and delegate portions of the work to others. If you perform a task regularly that takes a lot of time, look for opportunities to hand off segments of that task to others. Teachable: Do you have tasks on your plate that you could easily teach someone else to complete? If a task is entirely teachableâ€"if it does not require expertise that only you can provideâ€"it’s a worthwhile candidate for delegation. Terrible at: Maybe you have no design skills, so it takes you six times as long to create graphics for your blog posts as it would a professional designer. It’s better to delegate that task to someone who’s more equipped to do the work quickly and well. Time-sensitive: Maybe it would be better if you handled all of the tasks belonging to a time-sensitive project, but if you won’t have time to complete it doing it all on your own, it’s time to find ways to delegate parts of that task to other members of your team. Additionally, you may need to consider delegating tasks you love doing but are no longer part of your job. If you recently moved into a leadership role, you may have pet projects from your days as an individual contributor, but if it’s now someone else’s job to complete those tasks, it’s time to delegate and teach that person how to do it for you. Delegate tasks efficiently Sign up for free Sign up for free How to Delegate Tasks Effectively Here are a few tips to help you delegate effectively so that your team shares the workload and makes progress that benefits everyone. 1. Choose the right person for the job Part of being a good leader is understanding your employees’ strengths, weaknesses, and preferences. If you need to delegate a task that is going to require a lot of collaboration to complete, don’t delegate it to someone who very strongly prefers working alone. Delegate it to someone who prefers collaborating. If you conducted the audit recommended in the section above, you may have a list of tasks you’re looking to delegate. You may want to consider sitting down with your team, going through the list, and letting people self-select the tasks they’re most interested in taking over. Letting people choose the tasks they’re delegated is another way to build trust with and inspire engagement among your team. 2. Explain why you’re delegating If you’re delegating a task to someone out of the blue, it really helps when you provide context for why you’re giving them that responsibility. “When you select people to delegate to, tell them why you chose them specifically and how you hope to see this help them grow,” says Alex Cavoulacos, founder of The Muse. “Help them see each delegated task as an opportunity to take on more responsibilities or grow new skills.” 3. Provide the right instructions Every good delegator provides basic and important information without micromanaging. Stephen Covey, author of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, suggests that you delegate results rather than methods: “For example, say, ‘Here’s what we are doing. Here’s what we’re after. I want you to get the sale,’ instead of ‘Follow up on those leads,” Covey says. Tell employees your goals or the milestones you hope to hit and let them tackle the problem in their own way. Don’t look for perfection or micromanage; someone else might complete a task differently than you would. As long as you get the result you’re looking for, that’s okay. 4. Provide resources and training You have to make sure the person tasked with a job or project has the tools and resources they need to be successful. “A good training rule of thumb is ‘I do, we do, you do’ (i.e. watch me do this, then let’s do it together, now you try),” says Cavoulacos. Make sure that when you delegate a task, the person has the tools and skills they need to complete the taskâ€"or provide a way for them to work on those skills. For example, if you ask someone to use a specific tool they’ve never used before to complete a task, make sure there’s a plan for them to become familiar with the tool first. 5. Delegate responsibility *and* authority You’ve probably been in a situation where you were tasked with something but didn’t feel fully empowered to make decisions. As a result, the work stalls, you end up having to ask for help, and the task takes more time from both the employee and the manager. “Managers who fail to delegate responsibility in addition to specific tasks eventually find themselves reporting to their subordinates and doing some of the work, rather than vice versa,” writes Martin Zwilling, founder and CEO of Startup Professionals. Foster an environment and culture where people feel they’re able to make decisions, ask questions, and take the necessary steps to complete the work. 6. Check the work and provide feedback There’s nothing worse than a manager who delegates something to an employee and then blames the employee when something goes wrong. Don’t be that manager. Check the work you delegated to your employees when it’s complete, make sure they did it correctly, and give them any feedback needed to improve when handling the task going forward. 7. Say thank you When someone completes a task or project you delegated, show genuine appreciation and point out specific things they did right or well. When you make a note of those specifics, you’re giving people a roadmap for what they should continue to do to be successful. “This is the simplest step but one of the hardest for many people to learn,” Zwilling says. “It will inspire loyalty, provide real satisfaction for work done, and become the basis for mentoring and performance reviews.” The Benefits of Learning to Delegate If you delegate well, you can increase trust and commitment with your employees, improve productivity, and make sure the right people are performing the tasks that best suit them. So don’t be afraid to pass the baton. It might take some practice to become a great delegator, but if you work at it, you’ll all go further. Originally published in March 2017, this post has been updated to provide more information about how to determine which tasks should be delegated and to add a few more delegating tips. You might also like: 3 Creative Leadership Methods to Spark the Next Big Idea 3 Proven Strategies to Motivate Your Team 4 Strategies to Make Creativity a Key Part of Company Culture 4 Steps for Successful Employee Development Delegate tasks efficiently Sign up for free Sign up for free

Learn How to Conjugate Maigrir (to Lose Weight)

Youve lost weight and are excited to tell everyone...in French. What do you do? Use the verb  maigrir, which means to lose weight or become thin. The trick is that you need to conjugate  maigrir  in order to say lost weight or am losing weight. A quick French lesson will show you how thats done. Conjugations of the French Verb  Maigrir French verbs are a little tricky because there are more words to memorize than there are in English. Thats because the verb ending changes with each subject pronoun as well as each tense. However, they do become easier with each new conjugation you learn. Maigrir  is a  regular -ir verb  and it follows a relatively common verb conjugation pattern. If youve worked with words like finir (to finish), choisir (to choose), or many other verbs that end in -ir, then this should look familiar. Using the tables below, pair the subject pronoun of your sentence with the appropriate tense. For instance, I am losing weight in the first person of present tense is je maigris, while the future we will lose weight is nous maigrirons. You can use the example sentences to make memorizing of these conjugations a little easier. Present Indicative Je maigris Jemaigris I am on a diet. Tu maigris Toi, tu maigris aussi? You're on a diet, too? Il/Elle/On maigrit Sa barbe le maigrit. His beard makes him look thinner. Nous maigrissons Nousmaigrissons ensemble. C'est plus facile comme à §a. We are dieting together. It's easier that way. Vous maigrissez Vousmaigrissez un peu chaque jour. You are getting thinner every day. Ils/Elles maigrissent Mes à ©conomies maigrissent à   vue d'Å“il. My savings are disappearing by the minute. Compound Past Indicative The passà © composà © is a past tense that can be translated as the simple past or the present perfect. For the verb maigrir, it is formed with the auxiliary verb avoir and the past participle maigri​. J' ai maigri Je n'ai pas maigri beacoup. I didn't lose much weight. Tu asmaigri Tuasmaigri trop vite. Ce n'est pas bon. You lost weight too fast. That's not good. Il/Elle/On amaigri Ellea beaucoup maigri du visage. Her face got a lot thinner. Nous avonsmaigri Nousavonsmaigri 3kg depuis la semaine dernià ¨re. We lost 3kg since last week. Vous avezmaigri Vous n'avez rien maigri. You didn't lose any weight. Ils/Elles ontmaigri Les gens qui ontmaigri grà ¢ce à   ma mà ©thode sont en trà ¨s bonne santà ©. People who lost weight thanks to my method are very healthy. Imperfect Indicative The imperfect tense is another form of a past tense, but it is used to talk about ongoing or repeated actions in the past. Limparfait of the verb maigrir can be translated to English as was slimming down or used to slim down, although it can sometimes also be translated as the simple lost weight or slimmed down, depending on the context. Je maigrissais Jemaigrissais d'une faà §on inquià ©tante. I was losing weight in a worrisome way. Tu maigrissais Si tumaigrissais, je ne te parlerais plus. If you lost weight, I wouldn't talk to you anymore. Il/Elle/On maigrissait Et si on maigrissait sans faire de rà ©gimes? And if we started losing weight without dieting? Nous maigrissions Nousmaigrissions pour à ªtre moins, pour nous effacer progressivement. Mais on a appris à   s'aimer depuis. We were losing weight so there is less of us, to progressively erase ourselves. But we have since learned to love ourselves. Vous maigrissiez Vousmaigrissiez devant nos yeux. You were slimming down in front of our eyes. Ils/Elles maigrissaient Nous à ©tions si tristes qu'ellesmaigrissaient. We were so sad that they were dieting. Simple Future Indicative To talk about the future in English, in most cases we simply add the modal verb will. In French, however, the future tense is formed by adding different endings to the infinitive.   Je maigrirai Je ne maigrirai plus jamais. Never again will I get on a diet. Tu maigriras J'espà ¨re que tu ne maigriras pas. I hope you won't lose your weight. Il/Elle/On maigrira Ellemaigrira quand elle voudra. She'll lose weight when she wants. Nous maigrirons Nousmaigrirons seulement si c'est nà ©cessaire pour notre santà ©. We will only get on a diet if it's necessary for our health. Vous maigrirez Vousmaigrirez et vous reprendrez tout. You'll diet and you'll gain it all back. Ils/Elles maigriront Pour vous soutenir, ilsmaigriront avec vous. To support you, they will get on a diet with you. Near Future Indicative Another form of a future tense is the near future, the futur proche, which is the equivalent of the English going to verb. In French, the near future is formed with the present tense conjugation of the verb aller (to go) the infinitive (maigrir). Je vais maigrir Je ne pense pas que je vais maigrir. Je suis parfaite comme à §a. I don't think I'm going to lose weight. I'm perfect as I am. Tu vasmaigrir Pourquoi vas-tu maigrir? Simplement fais de l'exercice. Why are you going on a diet? Simply exercise. Il/Elle/On vamaigrir Elle ne va pas maigrir. Elle s'aime suffisamment. She's not going on a diet. She likes herself enough. Nous allonsmaigrir Nous allonsmaigrir avec la dià ¨te keto. We are going to lose weight with the keto diet. Vous allezmaigrir Vous allezmaigrir à   cause des modà ¨les dans les magazines? You are going to lose weight because of the models in magazines? Ils/Elles vontmaigrir Elles vontmaigrir?Mais pourquoi? Leurs corps sont parfaits! They are going to lose weight? But why? Their bodies are perfect! Conditional The conditional mood in French is equivalent to the English would verb. Notice that the endings it adds to the infinitive are very similar to those in the imperfect indicative. Je maigrirais Je ne maigrirais jamais, car toute ma famille est comme à §a. I could never lose weight; my whole family is this way. Tu maigrirais Si tu mangais moins, tu maigrirais. If you ate less, you would lose weight. Il/Elle/On maigrirait Et si on arrà ªtait le lait? On maigrirait. Ou pas. And if we quit milk? We'd start losing weight. Or not. Nous maigririons Nousmaigririons seulement si le mà ©decin l'ordonait. We would get on a diet only if the doctor prescribed it. Vous maigririez Si vous à ©tiez plus contents, vousmaigririez plus simplement. If you were more content, you would lose weight more easily. Ils/Elles maigriraient S'ils les aimaient inconditionellement, elles ne maigriraient pas. If they loved them unconditionally, they wouldn't be on a diet. Present Subjunctive The subjunctive mood conjugation of maigrir, which comes in after the expression que person, looks very much like the present indicative and past imperfect. Que je maigrisse Tu veux que jemaigrisse? Ben non, merci. You want me to lose weight? Well, no, thank you. Que tu maigrisses Il faut que tu ne maigrisses plus. It is important that you stop losing weight. Qu'il/elle/on maigrisse Je ne veux pas qu'ellemaigrisse plus. I don't want her to lose any more weight. Que nous maigrissions Il est naturel que nousmaigrissions avec cet nourriture. It's natural that we would lose weight on this food. Que vous maigrissiez Il aime mieux que vous ne maigrissiez pas. He prefers that you don't lose weight. Qu'ils/elles maigrissent Je vais empà ªcher qu'ilsmaigrissent. I am going to prevent them from going on a diet. Imperative The imperative mood is used to express demands, requests, direct exclamations, or to give commands, both positive and negative. They have the same verb form, but the negative commands include ne...pas, ne...plus, or ne...jamais around the verb. Positive Commands Tu maigris! Maigris en mangeant bien! Lose weight but eat healthy too! Nous maigrissons! L'à ©tà © s'approche, maigrissons! The summer is coming, let's lose weight! Vous maigrissez! Votre santà © est en danger. Maigrissez! Your health is in danger. Lose weight! Negative Commands Tu ne maigris pas! Ne maigris plus! Stop losing weight! Nous ne maigrissons pas! Ne maigrissons plus jamais! Let's never get on a diet again! Vous ne maigrissez pas! Ne maigrissez pas tous seuls! Don't try to lose weight alone! Present Participle/Gerund Present participle of maigrir is maigrissant and as such it can be used as an adjective, a noun, or a gerund (usually preceded by the preposition en). Use gerunds specifically when you want to talk about simultaneous actions. Present Participle/Gerund of Maigrir maigrissant En maigrissant, il a perdu beaucoup de ses cheveux. While losing weight, he lost a lot of his hair.

The Contemporary Hospitality Industry ( Unit 1 ) - 3798 Words

BTEC Higher National Diploma in Hospitality Management The Contemporary Hospitality Industry (Unit 1) Dr Sam Hazra s.hazra@mrcollege.ac.uk 28th April 2015 Titola Omonini Task A 1.1 In my analysis of the structure of the current scales, scope and diversity that surrounding hospitality industry, I believe that the hospitality is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world. Therefore, the current scales indicates that about 46,000 hotels and guest houses are in the UK alone, while the hotel industry remains a significant sector of the economy, with around  £40 billion of an annual turnover (Kotler, et al., 2013). The current scales also indicates that the hospitality industry have around 127,000 properties and with†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, in order for these large hotels to run effectively, countless employees from all backgrounds are required which therefore means millions of jobs are being created and the industry is being made more diverse. I could clearly mentioned that the hospitality industry is very diverse due to the innovation, different people employed, languages, religion and beliefs, ownership, classification and grading system, level of service, leisure facilities and future trends etc. Hence, most hotel industries are providing services such as accommodation that include services like: gyms, internet, sauna bath, swimming pool Jacuzzi, shops, night clubs, laundry, hair and beauty salons, car parking, meeting and conference rooms etc. Again, I could say that the possession and organization of hotel grading schemes, similarly make it diverse because varied forms of proprietorship and managing style like sole administrator, partnership, public limited and private limited company have rating system of hotel by ranking with gold stars that range from one to five as indicated by the height of the service they provide to their clients. 1.2 I would like to discuss the organisational structure that formed the working relationship between the individuals and distinctive bureaus of an association interaction. 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Warm Bodies Chapter 16 Free Essays

string(25) " flips it around for me\." ‘Julie,’ I say, bracing to confess my final sin. ‘I need . . We will write a custom essay sample on Warm Bodies Chapter 16 or any similar topic only for you Order Now . to tell you . . .’ BANG. The Stadium’s field halogens flare like suns and midnight becomes daylight. I can see every pore in Julie’s face. ‘What the hell?’ she gasps, whipping her head around. A piercing alarm further shatters the night’s stillness, and then we see it: the Jumbotron is aglow. Hanging from the upper reaches of the open roof like a tablet descending from Heaven, the screen plays a blocky animation of a quarterback running from what appears to be a zombie, arms outstretched and clutching. The screen blinks between this and a word that I think might be: BREACH ‘R . . .’ Julie says, horrified, ‘did you eat someone?’ I look at her desperately. ‘No ch . . . no choi . . . no choice,’ I stutter, my diction collapsing in my state of panic. ‘Guard . . . stopped me. Didn’t . . . mean. Didn’t . . . want.’ She presses her lips together, her eyes boring into me, then gives a single shake of her head as if banishing one thought, committing to another. ‘Okay. Then we need to get inside. God damn it, R.’ We run into the house and she slams the door. Nora is at the top of the stairs. ‘Where have you guys been? What’s going on out there?’ ‘It’s a breach,’ Julie says. ‘Zombie in the Stadium.’ ‘You mean him?’ The disappointment in her reply makes me wince. ‘Yes and no.’ We hurry into Julie’s bedroom and she turns out the lights. We all sit on the floor on the piles of laundry, and for a while nobody speaks. We just sit and listen to the sounds. Guards running and shouting. Gunfire. Our own heavy breathing. ‘Don’t worry,’ Julie whispers to Nora, but I know it’s for me. ‘It won’t spread much. Those shots were probably Security taking them out already.’ ‘Are we in the clear, then?’ Nora asks. ‘Will R be okay?’ Julie looks at me. Her face is grim. ‘Even if they think the breach started from a natural death, that guard obviously didn’t eat himself. Security will know there’s at least one zombie unaccounted for.’ Nora follows Julie’s eyes to mine, and I can almost imagine my face flushing. ‘It was you?’ she asks, straining for neutrality. ‘Didn’t . . . mean. Was . . . going . . . kill me.’ She says nothing. Her face is blank. I meet her stare, willing her to feel my crushing remorse. ‘It was my last,’ I say, straining to force language back into my idiot tongue. ‘No matter what. Swear to the skymouth.’ A few agonising moments pass. Then Nora slowly nods, and addresses Julie. ‘So we need to get him out of here.’ ‘They shut everything down for breaches. All the doors will be locked and guarded. They might even shut the roof if they get scared enough.’ ‘So what the hell are we supposed to do?’ Julie shrugs, and the gesture looks so bleak on her, so wrong. ‘I don’t know,’ she says. ‘Once again, I don’t know.’ Julie and Nora fall sleep. They fight it for hours, trying to come up with a plan to save me, but eventually they succumb. I lie on a pile of pants and stare up at the starry green ceiling. Not so easy, Mr Lennon. Even if you try. It seems trivial now, a thin silver lining on a vast black storm cloud, but I think I’m learning to read. As I look up at the phosphorescent galaxy, letters come together and form words. Stringing them into full sentences is still beyond me, but I savour the sensation of those little symbols clicking together and bursting like soap bubbles of sound. If I ever see my wife again . . . I’ll at least be able to read her name tag. The hours ooze by. It’s long after midnight, but bright as noon outside. The halogens ram their white light against the house, squeezing in through cracks in the window shades. My ears tune to the sounds around me. The girls’ breathing. Their small shifting movements. And then, sometime around two in the morning, a phone rings. Julie comes awake, gets up on one elbow. In some distant room of the house, the phone rings again. She throws off her blankets and stands up. Strange to see her from this angle, towering over me instead of cowering under. I’m the one who needs protecting now. One mistake, one brief lapse of my new-found judgement – that’s all it took to unravel everything. What a massive responsibility, living as a moral being. The phone keeps ringing. Julie walks out of the bedroom and I follow her through the dark, echoing house. We step into what appears to be an office. There is a large desk covered in papers and blueprints, and on the walls various kinds of telephones are screwed to the Sheetrock, different brands and styles, all from different eras. ‘They rerouted the phone system,’ Julie explains. ‘It’s more like an intercom now. We have direct lines to all the important areas.’ Each phone has a name-tag sticker stuck below it, with the location Sharpied onto the blank. Hi, my name is: GARDENS KITCHENS WAREHOUSE GARAGE ARMOURY CORRIDOR 2 GOLDMAN DOME AIG ARENA LEHMAN FIELD And so on. The phone that’s ringing, a pea-green rotary dialler covered in dust, is labelled: OUTSIDE Julie looks at the phone. She looks at me. ‘This is weird. That line is from the phones in the abandoned outer districts. Since we got walkie-talkies nobody uses it any more.’ The phone clangs its bells, loud and insistent. I can’t believe Nora is still asleep. Slowly, Julie picks up the receiver and puts it to her ear. ‘Hello?’ She waits. ‘What? I can’t under – ‘ Her brow furrows in concentration. Then her eyes widen. ‘Oh.’ They narrow. ‘You. Yeah, this is Julie, what do you – ‘ She waits. ‘Fine. Yeah, he’s right here.’ She holds the phone out to me. ‘It’s for you.’ I stare at it. ‘What?’ ‘It’s your friend. That fat fuck from the airport.’ I grab the phone. I put the earpiece to my mouth. Julie shakes her head and flips it around for me. You read "Warm Bodies Chapter 16" in category "Essay examples" Into the receiver I breathe a stunned, ‘M?’ His deep rumble crackles in my ear. ‘Hey . . . lover boy.’ ‘What’s . . . Where are you?’ ‘Out in . . . city. Didn’t know . . . what would get with . . . phone, but had . . . to try. You’re . . . okay?’ ‘Okay but . . . trapped. Stadium . . . locked down.’ ‘Shit.’ ‘What’s . . . going on? Out there.’ There is silence for a moment. ‘R,’ he says. ‘Dead . . . still coming. More. From airport. Other places. Lots . . . of us now.’ I’m silent. The phone wanders away from my ear. Julie looks at me expectantly. ‘Hello?’ M says. ‘Sorry. I’m here.’ ‘Well, we’re . . . here. What now? What should . . . do?’ I rest the phone on my shoulder and look at the wall, at nothing. I look at the papers and plans on General Grigio’s desk. His strategies are all gibberish to me. I have no doubt it’s all important – food allocation, construction plans, weapon distribution, combat tactics. He’s trying to keep everyone alive, and that’s good. That’s foundational. But like Julie said, there must be something even deeper than that. The earth under that foundation. Without that firm ground, it’s all going to collapse, over and over, no matter how many bricks he lays. This is what I’m interested in. The earth under the bricks. ‘What’s going on?’ Julie asks. ‘What’s he saying?’ As I look into her anxious face, I feel the twitch in my guts, the young, eager voice in my head. It’s happening, corpse. Whatever you and Julie triggered, it’s moving. A good disease, a virus that causes life! Do you see this, you dumb fucking monster? It’s inside you! You have to get out of these walls and spread it! I angle the phone towards Julie so she can listen. She leans in close. ‘M,’ I say. ‘Yeah.’ ‘Tell Julie.’ ‘What?’ ‘Tell Julie . . . what’s happening.’ There’s a pause. ‘Changing,’ he says. ‘Lots of us . . . changing. Like R.’ Julie looks at me and I can almost sense her neck hairs standing on end. ‘It’s not just you?’ she says, moving away from the phone. ‘This . . . reviving thing?’ Her voice is small and tentative, like a little girl poking her head out of a bomb shelter after years of life in the dark. It almost quivers with tight-leashed hope. ‘Are you saying the plague is healing?’ I nod. ‘We’re . . . fixing things.’ ‘But how?’ ‘Don’t know. But we have to . . . do more of it. Out there . . . where M is. â€Å"Outside†.’ Her excitement cools, hardens. ‘So we have to leave.’ I nod. ‘Both of us?’ ‘Both,’ M’s voice crackles in the earpiece like an eaves-dropping mother. ‘Julie . . . part of it.’ She eyes me dubiously. ‘You want me. Skinny little human girl. Out there in the wild, running with a pack of zombies?’ I nod. ‘Do you grasp how insane that is?’ I nod. She is silent for a moment, looking at the floor. ‘Do you really think you can keep me safe?’ she asks me. ‘Out there, with them?’ My incurable honesty makes me hesitate, and Julie frowns. ‘Yes,’ M answers for me, exasperated. ‘He can. And I’ll . . . help.’ I nod quickly. ‘M will help. The others . . . will help. Besides,’ I add with a faint smile, ‘you can . . . keep yourself safe.’ She shrugs nonchalantly. ‘I know. I just wanted to see what you’d say.’ ‘So you’ll . . . ?’ ‘I’ll go with you.’ ‘You’re . . . sure?’ Her eyes are distant and hard. ‘I had to bury my mom’s empty dress. I’ve been waiting for this a long time.’ I nod. I take a deep breath. ‘The only problem with your plan,’ she continues, ‘is that you seem to be forgetting you ate someone last night, and this place is going to stay clamped shut until they find and kill you.’ ‘Should we . . . attack?’ M says. ‘Get you . . . out?’ I put the phone back to my ear, gripping the receiver hard. ‘No,’ I tell him. ‘Have . . . army. Where’s . . . battle?’ ‘Don’t know. Not here. These are . . . people.’ ‘Well?’ I look at Julie. She looks at the ground and rubs her forehead. ‘Just wait,’ I tell M. ‘Wait?’ ‘A little longer. We’ll . . . figure it out.’ ‘Before . . . they kill you?’ ‘Hopefully.’ A long, dubious silence. Then: ‘Hurry up.’ Julie and I stay up for the rest of the night. In our rain-wet clothes we sit on the floor in the cold living room and don’t say a word. Eventually my eyes sag shut, and in this strange calm, in what may be my last few hours on Earth, my mind creates a dream for me. Crisp and clear, alive with colour, unfolding like a time-lapse rose in the sparkling darkness. In this dream, my dream, I am floating down a river on my housejet’s severed tail fin. I am lying on my back under the blue midnight, watching the stars drift by above me. The river is uncharted, even in this age of maps and satellites, and I have no idea where it leads. The air is still. The night is warm. I’ve brought only two provisions: a box of pad thai and Perry’s book. Thick. Ancient. Bound in leather. I open it to the middle. An unfinished sentence in some language I’ve never seen, and beyond it, nothing. An epic tome of empty pages, blank white and waiting. I shut the book and lay my head down on the cool steel. The pad thai tickles my nose, sweet and spicy and strong. I feel the river widening, gaining force. I hear the waterfall. ‘R.’ My eyes open and I sit up. Julie is cross-legged next to me, watching me with grim amusement. ‘Having some nice dreams?’ ‘Not . . . sure,’ I mumble, rubbing my eyes. ‘Did you happen to dream up any solutions to our little problem?’ I shake my head. ‘Yeah, me neither.’ She glances at the wall clock and bunches her lips ruefully. ‘I’m supposed to be at the community centre in a few hours to do story time. David and Marie are going to cry when I don’t show up.’ David and Marie. I repeat the names in my head, savouring their contours. I would let Trina eat my whole leg for the chance to see those kids again. To hear a few more clumsy syllables tumble from their mouths before I die. ‘What are . . . you reading them?’ She looks out of the window at the city, its every crack and flaw brought into sharp relief by the blinding white light. ‘I’ve been trying to get them into the Redwall books. I figured all those songs and feasts and courageous warrior mice would be a nice escape from the nightmare they’re growing up in. Marie keeps asking for books about zombies and I keep telling her I can’t read non-fiction for story time but . . .’ She notices the look on my face and trails off. ‘Are you okay?’ I nod. ‘Are you thinking about your kids at the airport?’ I hesitate, then nod. She reaches out and touches my knee, looking into my stinging eyes. ‘R? I know things look bleak right now, but listen. You can’t quit. As long as you’re still breath – sorry, as long as you’re still moving, it’s not over. Okay?’ I nod. ‘Okay? Fucking say it, R.’ ‘Okay.’ She smiles. ‘TWO. EIGHT. TWENTY-FOUR.’ We jolt away from each other as a speaker in the ceiling blares out a series of numbers followed by a shrill alert tone. ‘This is Colonel Rosso with a community-wide notice,’ the speaker says. ‘The security breach has been contained. The infected officer has been neutralised, with no further casualties reported.’ I release a deep breath. ‘However . . .’ ‘Shit,’ Julie whispers. ‘. . . the original source of the breach remains at large within our walls. Security patrols will now begin a door-to-door search of every building in the Stadium. Since we don’t know where this thing might be hiding, everyone should come out of their houses and congregate in a public area. Donot confine yourself in any small spaces.’ Rosso pauses to cough. ‘Sorry about this, folks. We’ll get it taken care of, just . . . sit tight.’ There’s a click, and the PA goes quiet. Julie jumps to her feet and storms into the bedroom. She pulls open the blinds, letting the floodlights burst through the window. ‘Rise and shine, Miss Greene, we’re out of time. Do you remember any old exits in the wall tunnels? Wasn’t there a fire escape somewhere by the sky box? R, can you climb a ladder yet?’ ‘Wait, what?’ Nora croaks, trying to shield her eyes. ‘What’s happening?’ ‘According to R’s friend, maybe the end of this shitty undead world, if we don’t get killed first.’ Nora finally comes awake. ‘Sorry, what?’ ‘I’ll tell you later. They just announced a sweep. We have maybe ten minutes. We need to find . . .’ Her voice fades and I watch her mouth move. The shapes her lips make for each word, the flick of tongue against glistening teeth. She is holding onto hope but my grip is slipping. She twists at her hair as she talks, her golden tresses stiff and matted and in need of a wash. The spicy smell of her shampoo, flowers and herbs and cinnamon dancing with her natural oils. She would never say what brand she used. She liked to keep her scent a mystery. ‘R!’ Julie and Nora are staring at me, waiting. I open my mouth to speak, but I have no words. And then the front door of the house bangs open so hard it resonates through the metal walls all the way to where we’re standing. Heavy, booted footfalls pound the stairs. ‘Oh Jesus,’ Julie says in a panicked breath. She herds us out of the room and into the hallway bathroom. ‘Get his makeup back on,’ she hisses to Nora, and slams the door shut. As Nora fumbles with her compact and tries to re-rouge my rain-stained face, I hear two voices out in the hall. ‘Dad, what’s going on? Did they find the zombie?’ ‘Not yet, but they will. Have you seen anything?’ ‘No, I’ve been here.’ ‘Are you alone?’ ‘Yeah, I’ve been here since last night.’ ‘Why is the bathroom light on?’ Footsteps pound towards us. ‘Wait, Dad! Wait a second!’ She lowers her voice a little. ‘Nora and Archie are in there.’ ‘Why did you just tell me you’re here alone? This is not a time for games, Julie, this is not a time for hide-and-seek.’ ‘They’re . . . you know . . . in there.’ There is the briefest of hesitations. ‘Nora and Archie,’ he shouts at the door, his voice compressed and extremely loud. ‘As you just heard on the intercom there is a breach in progress. I cannot begin to imagine a worse time for lovemaking. Come out immediately.’ Nora straddles me against the sink and buries my face in her cleavage just as Grigio yanks the door open. ‘Dad!’ Julie squeals, flashing Nora a quick look as she jumps off me. ‘Come out immediately,’ Grigio says. We step out of the bathroom. Nora straightens her clothes and pats down her hair, doing a pretty good job of looking embarrassed. I just look at Grigio, unapologetic, limbering up my diction for its first and probably last big test. He looks back at me with that taut, angular face, peering into my eyes. There are less than two feet between us. ‘Hello, Archie,’ he says. ‘Hello, sir.’ ‘You and Miss Greene are in love?’ ‘Yes, sir.’ ‘That is wonderful. Have you discussed marriage?’ ‘Not yet.’ ‘Why delay? Why deliberate? These are the last days. Where do you live, Archie?’ ‘Goldman . . . Field.’ ‘Goldman Dome?’ ‘Yes, sir. Sorry.’ ‘What work do you do at Goldman Dome.’ ‘Gardens.’ ‘Does that work allow you and Nora to feed your children?’ ‘We don’t have children, sir.’ ‘Children replace us when we die. When you have children you will need to feed them. I’m told things are bad at Goldman Dome. I’m told you are running out of everything. It’s a dark world we live in, isn’t it, Archie?’ ‘Sometimes.’ ‘We do the best we can with what God gives us. If God gives us stones when we ask for bread, we will sharpen our teeth and eat stones.’ ‘Or make . . . our own bread.’ Grigio smiles. ‘Are you wearing make-up, Archie?’ Grigio stabs me. I didn’t even notice the knife coming out of its sheath. The five-inch blade sinks into my shoulder and pokes out the other side, pinning me to the drywall. I don’t feel it and I don’t flinch. The wound doesn’t bleed. ‘Julie!’ Grigio roars, stepping back from me and drawing his pistol, his eyes wild in their deep sockets. ‘Did you bring the Dead into my city? Into my home? Did you let the Dead touch you?’ ‘Dad, listen to me!’ Julie says, holding her hands out towards him. ‘R is different. He’s changing.’ ‘The Dead don’t change, Julie! They are not people, they are things!’ ‘How do we know that? Just because they don’t talk to us and tell us about their lives? We don’t understand their thoughts so we assume they don’t have any?’ ‘We’ve done tests! The Dead have never shown any signs of self-awareness or emotional response!’ ‘Neither have you, Dad! Jesus Christ – R saved my life! He protected me and brought me home! He’s human! And there are more like him!’ ‘No,’ Grigio says, abruptly calm. His hands stop wavering and the gun steadies, inches from my face. ‘Dad, please listen to me? Please?’ She takes a step closer. She is trying to stay cool but I can tell she is terrified. ‘When I was at the airport, something happened. We sparked something, and whatever it is, it’s spreading. The Dead are coming back to life, they’re leaving their hives and trying to change what they are, and we have to find a way to help. Imagine if we could cure the plague, Dad! Imagine if we could clean up this mess and start over!’ Grigio shakes his head. I can see his jaw muscles tightening under his waxy skin. ‘Julie, you are young. You don’t understand our world. We can stay alive and we can kill the things that want to kill us, but there is no grand solution. We searched for years and never found one, and now our time is up. The world is over. It can’t be cured, it can’t be salvaged, it can’t be saved.’ ‘Yes it can!’ Julie screams at him, losing all composure. ‘Who decided life has to be a nightmare? Who wrote that fucking rule? We can fix it, we’ve just never tried before! We’ve always been too busy and selfish and scared!’ Grigio grits his teeth. ‘You are a dreamer. You are a child. You are your mother.’ ‘Dad, listen!’ ‘No.’ How to cite Warm Bodies Chapter 16, Essay examples

Tiger Woods Essay Research Paper Tiger WoodsTiger free essay sample

Tiger Woods Essay, Research Paper Tiger Forests Tiger # 8217 ; s Real Name: Eldrick Woods. The nick-name # 8220 ; Tiger # 8221 ; was given to him by his male parent. It # 8217 ; s the same nick-name of a South Vietnamese combat brother, Nguyen Phong, who saved Tiger # 8217 ; s father # 8217 ; s life a few times in the Vietnam War. Rumor had it that Tiger was be aftering to official alteration his name to Tiger Woods when he turned 21 this past December but beginnings say he didn # 8217 ; t do it for some ground. Tiger # 8217 ; s Dad: Green Beret Lieutenant Colonel Earl Woods served 2 Tours of Duty in the Vietnam War. Tiger # 8217 ; s Mother: Kultida ( Tida ) Woods. Her inaugural name is Kultida Punsawad. Tiger # 8217 ; s parents met in Bangkok, Thailand. They got married in 1969. Tiger Born: December 30, 1975 Long Beach, California. Tiger now lives in a new place in Isleworth, Florida. Near the west side of Orlando. Tiger moved to Florida because of the great golf conditions and because he is ever winging and clip zone alterations tired him out as he alway lost clip when holding to wing back to California. We will write a custom essay sample on Tiger Woods Essay Research Paper Tiger WoodsTiger or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tiger # 8217 ; s Ethnicity: African, Thai, Chinese, American Indian, and European. Tiger # 8217 ; s Religion: Tiger believes in Buddism. Not every facet, but most of it. Tiger was 11-months old when he foremost started singing a sawed off golf nine in his garage. Some beginnings say he was really 10-months old. Tiger # 8217 ; s Education: In the 7th class Tiger had a GPA of 3.86! ( Now there # 8217 ; s the existent of import material. ) Tiger spent 2 old ages at Stanford University in California majoring in Business. Tiger has 2 half brothers and 1 half sister from his male parents foremost matrimony. Tiger loves McDonalds ( CheeseBurgers ) and Taco Bell. Tiger # 8217 ; s Caddy ( Guy who carries Tiger # 8217 ; s nines for him ) : Mike # 8220 ; Fluff # 8221 ; Cowan, used to caddie for another pro, Peter Jacobsen. Tiger # 8217 ; s Driver ( Big Golf Club ) is merely 43-inches long, an inch sho rter than most nines used by other professionals. Tiger # 8217 ; s Driver Club caput is traveling at an mean velocity of 122 miles per hour at impact with the ball. Tiger uses a soft-covered three piece golf ball. My beginning says he uses the Titleist Pro 100. Others say he besides uses the Titleist Pro 90. Tiger has a 35-inch arm length. ( I know everything! ) Tiger has a 28-inch waist size. ( He # 8217 ; s much stronger than he looks! ) Tiger # 8217 ; s Golf Coach: Butch Harmon Tiger # 8217 ; s Agent: Hughes Norton of International Management Group Most Recent Award: ESPY ( ESPN ) Award # 8220 ; Breakthrough Athlete of the Year # 8221 ; Tiger is working on 2 golf books with Warner-Books he # 8217 ; s acquiring paid $ 2.2 Million for them. Tiger # 8217 ; s first professional win was the 1996 Las Vegas Invitational. He won $ 297,000. Tiger # 8217 ; s Girlfriend: None. Actually, rumour has it that Tyra Banks ( The SuperModel ) is interested in him. It # 8217 ; s was rumored that Kelli Kuehne ( Great immature female golf player that Tiger played with at the JCPenney Classic ) might be in the running but I # 8217 ; ve been told that she merely got engaged to person else. Tiger continues to propose that he wants to remain individual though. Tiger Woods is Michael Jordan # 8217 ; s hero! This is a quotation mark from Michael Jordan that is taken from the book Tiger Woods # 8216 ; The Devisings of a Champion # 8217 ; , by Tim Rosaforte. # 8220 ; I admire [ Tiger ] for what he # 8217 ; s done therefore far because for so long it was genuinely a game that a batch of minorities couldn # 8217 ; t play # 8230 ; so in that sense he # 8217 ; s transporting an excess load along with him, to win and spread out across all racial barriers. # 8221 ; To this quotation mark writer Tim Rosaforte added, # 8220 ; I admire him, excessively, for set uping a new tableland, a higher land, if you will. I truly do believe he was put here for a bigger ground than merely to play golf. I don # 8217 ; t believe that he is a God, but I do believe that he was sent by One. # 8221 ;

The Big Bang and the Origin of Everything

The Big Bang and the Origin of Everything How did the universe begin? Thats a question scientists and philosophers have pondered throughout history as they looked at the starry sky above. Its the job of astronomy and astrophysics to provide an answer. However, its not an easy one to tackle. An artists concept of what the Big Bang might have looked like, if anybody had been around to see it. HENNING DALHOFF / Getty Images The first major glimmerings of an answer came from the sky in 1964. Thats when astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered a microwave signal buried in data they were taking to look for signals being bounced from Echo balloon satellites. They assumed at the time that it was simply unwanted noise and attempted to filter out the signal. The antenna that Penzias and Wilson were using when they stumbled across the signals from the cosmic background radiation heralding the birth of the universe. Fabioj, CC BY-SA 3.0 However, it turns out that what they detected was coming from a time shortly after the beginning of the universe. Although they didnt know it at the time, they had discovered the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The CMB had been predicted by a theory called the Big Bang, which suggested that the universe began as a densely hot point in space and suddenly expanded outward.  The two mens discovery was the first evidence of that primordial event. The Big Bang What started the birth of the universe? According to physics, the universe sprang into existence from a singularity - a term physicists use to describe regions of space that defy the laws of physics. They know very little about singularities, but its known that such regions exist in the cores of black holes. Its a region where all the mass gobbled up by a black hole gets squeezed into a tiny point, infinitely massive, but also very, very small. Imagine cramming Earth into something the size of a pinpoint. A singularity would be smaller. Thats not to say the universe began as a black hole, however. Such an assumption would raise the question of something existing before the Big Bang, which is pretty speculative. By definition, nothing existed prior to the beginning, but that fact creates more questions than answers. For instance, if nothing existed prior to the Big Bang, what caused the singularity to be created in the first place? Its a gotcha question astrophysicists are still trying to understand.   However, once the singularity was created (however it happened), physicists have a good idea of what occurred next. The universe was in a hot, dense state and began to expand through a process called inflation. It went from very small and very dense, to a very hot state. Then, it cooled as it expanded.  This process is now referred to as the Big Bang, a term first coined by Sir Fred Hoyle during a British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) radio broadcast in 1950. Although the term implies some kind of explosion, there really wasn’t an outburst or a bang. It was really the rapid expansion of space and time. Think of it like blowing up a balloon: as someone blows air in, the exterior of the balloon expands outward. The Moments after the Big Bang The very early universe (at a time a few fractions of a second after the Big Bang began) was not bound by the laws of physics as we know them today. So, no one can predict with great accuracy what the universe looked like at that time. Yet, scientists have been able to construct an approximate representation of how the universe evolved. First, the infant universe was initially so hot and dense that even elementary particles  such as protons and neutrons could not exist. Instead, different types of matter (called matter and anti-matter) collided together, creating pure energy. As the universe began to cool during the first few minutes, protons and neutrons began to form. Slowly, protons, neutrons, and electrons came together to form hydrogen and small amounts of helium. During the billions of years that followed, stars, planets, and galaxies formed to create the current universe. Evidence for the Big Bang So, back to Penzias and Wilson and the CMB.  What they found (and for which they won a Nobel Prize), is often described as the â€Å"echo† of the Big Bang. It left behind a signature of itself, just like an echo heard in a canyon represents a â€Å"signature† of the original sound. The difference is that instead of an audible echo, the Big Bangs clue is a heat signature throughout all of space. That signature has been specifically studied by the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) spacecraft and the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). Their data provide the clearest evidence for the cosmic birth event.   The detailed, all-sky picture of the infant universe created from seven years of WMAP data. The image reveals 13.7 billion year old temperature fluctuations (shown as color differences) that correspond to the seeds that grew to become the galaxies. NASA / WMAP Science Team Alternatives to the Big Bang Theory While the Big Bang theory is the most widely accepted model that explains the origins of the universe and is supported by all the observational evidence, there are other models that use the same evidence to tell a slightly different story. Some theorists argue that the Big Bang theory is based on a false premise - that the universe is built on an ever-expanding space-time. They suggest a static universe, which is what was originally predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Einstein’s theory was only later modified to accommodate the way the universe appears to be expanding.  And, expansion is a big part of the story, particularly as it involves the existence of  dark energy. Finally, a recalculation of the mass of the universe seems to support the Big Bang theory of events.   While our understanding of the actual events is still incomplete, CMB data are helping shape the theories that explain the birth of the cosmos. Without the Big Bang, no stars, galaxies, planets, or life could exist.   Fast Facts The Big Bang is the name given to the birth event of the universe.The Big Bang is thought to have occurred when something kicked off the expansion of a tiny singularity, some 13.8 billion years ago.Light from shortly after the Big Bang is detectable as the cosmic microwave radiation (CMB). It represents light from a time when the newborn universe was lighting up some 380,000 years after the Big Bang occurred. Sources â€Å"The Big Bang.†Ã‚  NASA, NASA, www.nasa.gov/subject/6890/the-big-bang/.NASA, NASA, science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-powered-the-big-bang.â€Å"The Origins of the Universe.†Ã‚  National Geographic, National Geographic, 24 Apr. 2017, www.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/universe/origins-of-the-universe/. Updated and edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

ANOTHER GREAT CUSTOM ESSAY FOR YOU

ANOTHER GREAT CUSTOM ESSAY FOR YOU Perfect Essay.com is a custom paper writing company that is ready to provide you with the best custom essay writing today. We do our best for our clients to receive unique and unmatched papers all year around. Whether it is a custom essay, term paper, research project or dissertation, we are ready to accomplish it best way possible. All our team of competitive writers are ready to write topics on all existing subjects that are being taught in colleges and universities. Aside from having a hard-working team of professionals, Perfect Essay.net has also unmatched and polite customer service department that is available to answer all of your questions 27/4.   All custom essay papers that we write go through 100% plagiarism check with the help of all leading plagiarism checking software. Our professionals are ready to take care of your research paper project, english essay, or thesis statement. They are ready to help you with your busy day-to-day schedule and do all the hard work for you. We deliver all the papers by the deadline. That is why Perfect Essay.net is able to guarantee that you will receive your paper by the time you have set in your order form. We as a company that provides unparalleled essay writing service, are working hard to underline our company’s special elite status every single day. For that matter, we write all the papers with adjustable distinctiveness that searches for uniqueness in every paper we produce. We are closely tied to real-life facts, and we use information that is precise and detailed. In case you are in a need of more creative approach, we assign our best writers that have talent for poetry and literature. There are several options for your custom essay topic. Topic can be assigned or you have to make the choice of your own topic. In that case, we have prepared a series of questions that will help you come up with the best topic of your choice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Think whether your essay must be a general overview?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps your custom essay should contain an original or specific analysis of the particular topic? If your custom essay is a general overview then simply move to the next step of essay writing. In case, you need to provide specific analysis make sure to narrow down your topic as much as possible. After you have chosen a narrower subtopic then concentrate on giving proper discussion.   Example will be   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Canada is a general topic. Your objective is to write a general overview. In this case, you can write about anything suitable for you.          In case your need to narrow down the â€Å"Canada† topic then you can concentrate on topics like â€Å"Canadas Culture† or â€Å"Canadas Politics†. As you order your essay from us, you will receive a thoroughly researched topic. We have all expert writers that are knowledgeable in wide scope of many academic fields. We guarantee that our writers will do the best job for you. All the initial prerequisites will be followed. You will receive exactly what you need and when you needed. Trust us your topic will reply to the writing services we offer.

The Economic in Taiwan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Economic in Taiwan - Essay Example As a result, even in the best case scenario, economic growth in the region will suffer into the second half of 2003. The rising impact of SARS (in line with a rising number of cases) on private consumption, coupled with a lower than expected rise in GDP growth in the first quarter of 2003, has led us to reduce our forecast for economic growth in 2003 as a whole from 3.7% to 3.2%. A stronger recovery in both domestic and external demand will result in GDP growth of 5.4% in 2004. Taiwan is unlikely to face significant inflationary pressures until late 2003 as domestic demand remains sluggish and international inflationary trends continue to be benign. Entry to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in January 2002 has reduced imported inflation and will continue to put downward pressure on prices in the forecast period. Following the US-led war in Iraq, prices on international oil markets have eased. As a result, we expect the consumer price index to rise by an average rate of only 0.3% year on year in 2003. Stronger domestic and international demand for goods and services are expected to revive price pressures in 2004, lifting inflation to an annual average of 1.4%. We expect the CBC to allow the currency to remain weak, mainly in order to maintain the competitiveness of Taiwan's exports against those of Japan and South Korea. However, exports are unlikely to receive a major boost as a result, owing to general weakness in world demand, but the measure will help Taiwan producers to maintain market share. The CBC will allow the New Taiwan dollar to appreciate significantly only once there is sufficient evidence of a sustained recovery in GDP growth. Accordingly, in 2003 the currency will strengthen slightly in line with faster GDP growth late in the year, and as a result, average NT$34.79:US$1. Once the recovery in GDP growth gains momentum in 2004, the currency will appreciate further, to an annual average of NT$34.24:US$1 in 2004. The rate of growth in merchandise exports in US dollar terms has recovered since the second quarter of 2002. However, US demand-- the US is the destination for close to one-quarter of total exports--for Taiwan's exports has remained weak since the beginning of 2003. In addition, some of the year-on-year growth in exports during 2002 reflected base effects of comparison with 2001, when Taiwan's US dollar export earnings suffered double-digit declines. (Chu 79-104) The weak Taiwan dollar policy adopted by the CBC, mainly owing to the weakness of the Japanese yen, will not be enough to strengthen exports significantly. Nevertheless, exports to Asia, in particular China, will continue to provide some stimulus to the country's external sector. Imports have also been rising since mid- 2002. This trend is likely to be interrupted by fragile domestic demand (not helped by SARS) and the loss of momentum in export growth, although import growth is still expected to outpace export growth in 200 3-04. As a result, the

Issues Concerning Optical networking and Equipment Essay

Issues Concerning Optical networking and Equipment - Essay Example Important network topologies and issues like, transparency, protection, routing, switching and wavelength assignment are discussed in detail. The concept of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and DWDM has also been introduced. Finally, the latest trends in optical communication and networks are briefly explained. Optical communication system is similar to any kind of communication system, as far as the basics are concerned. The major difference in optical and other communication models is the additional requirement of a source (for conversion of signal from electrical to optical domain), receiver (for conversion from optical to electrical domain) and use of fibre as media in place of conventional copper wire or microwave. The use of glass fibre or optical fibre features a number of advantages that make it a formidable media, in comparison to others. One of the most important assets of optical communication is the availability of enormous potential bandwidth to the tune of hundreds of GHz. The potential cannot be fully harnessed owing to electrical domain limitation. However, technologies like WDM or DWDM are evolving to optimize the available bandwidth usage. Being fabricated from glass, the fibre does no have earth loop or interface problem as are evident in electrical media. The optical communication is immune to interference from radio frequency and electromagnetic radiations or EMP (electromagnetic pulses) as they act as dielectric waveguides. There are practically insignificant radiations from fibre which enhance security of signal in a communication system. Other advantages include low weight, small size, flexible, reliable, easily maintainable, low transmission losses and cost effective. The requirement for capacity is increasing at a fast rate in the present day networks. Growth of worldwide web and Internet are the primary causes for this increase. Every four to six months, the need is almost doubling.

The Sociat Costs and Benefits of a Fast Food Industry Essay -- Papers

The Sociat Costs and Benefits of a Fast Food Industry There are many social benefits to a fast food industry. Firstly, it’s the accessibility and convenience of having the fast food restaurants – they’re located practically everywhere. The service is also fast, hence â€Å"fast food† and therefore maximizing the convenience of them to consumers. Most of the time, the products of the fast food industry are cheap, tasty and therefore have good value for the product. The existence of so many fast food restaurants also means lots of play areas for children (as there are very few playgrounds in most places, the some industries such as McDonalds have playgrounds) and also social areas to â€Å"hang out† in, for young adults. The existence of these industries also benefits the government (as they provide lots of employment opportunities to local people and thus reduce any unemployment problems). As well as providing jobs into their business, they also provide jobs into other businesses related to them. For example as the fast food industry increases the suppliers increase and expand and therefore they create more jobs for other people. As well as this, the expansion of the fast food industry also means increase in taxes which help the economy and government. The fast food industry may also sponsor local charities or sports teams, which benefits society. However, there are also many social costs in the existence of the fast food industry. These costs include health, choice and culture costs. Health-wise, the existence of the fast food industry means the existence of deep-fried, salty and ultimately unhealthy food. Many people don’... ... certain areas. Culture is also being affected badly by the expansion of the fast food industry. There’s the globalization issue. The fast food industry expands worldwide which damages local restaurants and national culture – as the restaurants with local traditions are being driven out. One example of this is McDonald’s golden arc versus the Christian cross. It has been proven that the golden arc is recognized more often than t he Christian cross. By comparing the social benefits and the social costs of the existence of the fast food industry, it can be seen clearly that social costs outweigh the social benefits of the fast food industry. It is shown that the community suffers much more than it benefits from fast food restaurants. Therefore society is worst off with the existence of the fast food industry.

Bridge On The River Kwai Essay

For example: a characters intention, sequence of events, etc? A part in the movie which was confusing was when Nicholson decided to assist the Japanese in building the bridge. He becomes so obsessed in building the bridge (which he regarded as a symbol of British efficiency and resourcefulness, which will be remembered for times to come) that he fails to identify that he is collaborating with the Japanese even when he was informed by his own medical officer. He becomes so blinded by this that he, a man of principles and one who follows rules mentioned in the Geneva Convention is willing to make his officers work for the timely completion of the bridge. Saito tells Nicholson that it will not be necessary to bring the copy of the Geneva Convention and walks away making the silence/no-response response speak for him. Due to the indirect form of communication it is hard to follow if Saito means that Nicholson should not bring the book because he has previously read it and now that it has been brought to his attention he will not make the British officers do manual abour or that he has read the book but will still make the British officers do manual labour. Making silence speak instead of words and the indirect form of communication gives the essence of a reactive culture. Another part of the movie which was hard to understand was when Nicholson fell on the detonator at the end of the film. It is unclear if Nicholson had an intention to destroy the bridge or if it was a mere accident. His last lines â€Å"what have I done† do clarify his intent but due to the fact that he falls on the plunger there was no ample clarification for the same. There is a possibility that due to his love for the bridge uilt by the British soldiers he had Just proceeded towards the plunger to disconnect it, however, dies while doing so and hence falls on it instead. 0 What was the best thing about the movie? What was the worst? The best part about the film was the way Nicholson stood by his principles and persuaded Saito to not make his officers do manual labour and hence go by the rules mentioned in the Geneva Convention. The astonishing part about this was that this was taking place in a POW camp where the bargaining power was higher with Saito than Nichonson. Nicholsons’s leadership abilities made his officers not give in to Saito and start anual work, and hence continued to be punished in the oven. His leadership abilities are portrayed well when the British medical officer comes to meet him at the oven, Nicholson was more concern about his officers than about himself even after he was deprived of food and water for numerous days. His pride and patriotic qualities tacilitate him to stand by his word against Saito even atter physical and emotional harm is being inflicted on him during the period of negotiation. On the other hand I feel that 2 Saito underestimated his BATNA (Best alternative to a negotiated agreement). I feel hat during the time of positional bargaining with Nicholson, ultimately carving under pressure and letting him out of the oven, Saito should have used his own soldiers for the bridge (till such time Nicholson was persuaded to make his men work) and created more discipline and collaboration among the workers for the timely completion of the bridge. I feel that there was little room for principled negotiation as Nicholson was not willing to do so. The worse part of the movie was the collapse of the bridge in the end. A bridge which was the cause of various negotiations between Saito and Nicholson, in the process esulted in numerous threats, blackmail and infliction of physical and emotional harm from Saito to Nicholson and consequentially got Nicholson himself killed. By the collapse of the bridge all that seemed to be a waste. 0 What did you find to be the most interesting or surprising element of the film? Why? The most surprising element of the film is the fact when Nicholson decides to take over the responsibility to construct the bridge after having won the negotiation against Saito and having no obligation towards doing so. He becomes so obsessed in building the bridge (which he regarded as a symbol of British efficiency and resourcefulness, which will be remembered for times to come) that he fails to identify that he is collaborating with the Japanese even when he was informed by his own medical officer. He defends himself in front of the officer by saying that he is getting the bridge made efficiently as he wants people who use to bridge in the future to remember how it was built and who built it. He also adds that by working on the bridge together his men will feel like British soldiers rather than Japanese prisoners. The bridge was Nicholson’s trophy and was not an instrument to keep the British soldiers together. He becomes so blinded by this that he, a man of principles and one who follows rules mentioned in the Geneva Convention is willing to make his officers work for the timely completion of the bridge. He forgot about the war and his loyalties and started to aid in the improvement of the bridge rather than working in accordance with the instructions provided by the Japanese. It was this perceived duty that lead to his downfall ultimately. This was due to the fact that if he was not that keen of building a good bridge, he would not have reacted the way he did once he identified the explosives and could have prevented the unnecessary loss f lives towards the end including his own. 3 0 What is the movie trying to tell viewers? The movie glorifies the western civilization, especially that of the British. On the other hand it portrays the east Oapanese) to be weak and still learning. 0 How does it go about conveying this message? In the beginning Saito and Nicholson did not get along well. Nicholson insisted that his officers were not to do manual labour as per the rules stated in the Geneva Convention, however, Saito was more bothered about getting the bridge ready on time. When the numerous attempts Saito made to persuade the stubborn Nicholson ailed he tried a friendly approach by offering the starved Nicholson with Beef corn and Whiskey and by telling him that the senior officers including him do not have to manual labour. Saito had to ultimately carve and wilt towards the strong armed Nicholson even though Nicholson was in his POW camp. This was done using the anniversary of Japan’s victory in the Russo-Japanese war in order to save face. The concept of saving face is due to the impact of collectivism. This concept of saving face suggests that Saito is from a country with a high long term orientation index (L TO) culture. Not only this, once Nicholson took up the responsibility of the bridge and implemented British designs, oversight and ingenuity to it, he ended up making a more technically sound and competent bridge than the Japanese could have otherwise built. What cultural issues do you see? How are these portrayed? o Individualist, Power distance and hierarchy, Communication styles, role of gender, etc? In the initial part of the movie the American soldier bribes the Japanese captain to assist him in getting hospitalized. The Japanese soldier does not use the word ‘No’. He indirectly tries to xpress his reluctance to hospitalize the American. When the American insists using the usual America n loud and verbose attitude, the solder uses silence for the same and walks away after moving his head from side to side. This indirect and non-verbal form of communication indicates that the Japanese is from a collectivist, low IDV and a high context culture. The American soldier wanted to be hospitalized as he was self-centered. This along with the fact that he ran away shows that he was individualistic and did not care about anyone else. It can therefore be perceived that e has a high internal locus of control, signifying that he is in charge of his own life and that what happens to him is a result of his own actions and hence indicates that he is from a high IDV and a low context culture. 4 A more participative hierarchy is portrayed by the British soldiers. This can be seen when the British officers and their Colonel meet and have a debate on the topic of escape from the camp. One of the officers directly disagreed with Nicholson when he advised the officers not to escape from the camp. The officer argued that staying in the camp is a sure way of getting killed. This shows the impact of an individualistic ulture as in a collectivist culture disagreement is usually done indirectly or very discreetly. The British (westerners) usually like to near the word ‘No’ in order tor the meaning to be conveyed effectively; they do not understand indirect negative responses. This kind of participative nature and direct denial from an officer to the colonel’s advice signifies a low power distance index (PDI) as power seems to be shared and well dispersed. This direct approach can also be seen in Nicholson when Saito tells him at the beginning of the movie that he will order his officers to work and he directly replies saying ‘No’. The local woman are looking up to the men and taking care of them in the scene where the American is returning the POW camp to destroy the bridge. It seems as if the women expect the men to be tough, assertive and be the provider. This shows that the local community is a high Masculinity index (MAS) culture. Hierarchy has been shown in many instances during the film. As far as the Japanese were concern, the Japanese soldier taking his cap off and bowing (In Japan there are rules for the Japanese equivalent of the Western handshake for who to bow, how much they should bow and hence are difficult to master) to Saito at the beginning of he film, bringing him a platform to stand on as he was short and so that people look up to him and salute him, were some instances showing hierarchy amongst the Japanese. Also the man responsible for fanning the Saito does not speak due to respect and even if it is raining the soldier still stands outside the premises as they are lower down in the hierarchy. 0 Did you like the film? Why or why not? Yes, I liked the film. The film did not have a right or wrong due to which it follows a unique and realistic approach based on individuals. Like more war films it is neither for nor against the war. By the end of the movie the viewer is less interested in the fact that who wins the war than about how the individuals will behave. 0 What adjective would you use to describe your reaction to the film? Why did you react this way? As rightly described by Clipton at the end of the film, the adjective that can be used to describe my reaction of the film is madness. Every individual in the film is inclined towards their own duty, order and chaos that they lose what really matters and what is most important. Emotions and orders have taken over the right or sane thing to do. The characters have hence led the situation to go out of hand. 0 In what ways can you identify with the movie, its characters and its message? The movie is more about the events surrounding the war rather than the battles and the fighting. These events have turned mortality, Judgment and sound thought around and have eventually lead to madness. There are various examples of this so called madness in the movie; the madness of Nicholson who says that working with the enemy is not going against one’s country, the madness ot the American who accepts to return to a camp on a suicide mission where he escaped, nearly getting killed and he madness of a struggle the obliged men to make harsh decisions. Based on your knowledge of negotiations what do you think was going on? o What kind of dirty tricks were being used? Give 3 examples. Initially Saito used a forceful approach in negotiating with the Nicholson. Saito caused emotional (By cutting food supply and taking people from the hospital to work) and physical (When Saito slapped Nicholson and put him in the oven) means in order to persuade the soldiers to commence work on t he bridge. Saito underestimated his BATNA (Best alternative to a negotiated agreement). I feel that during the time of positional bargaining with Nicholson, ultimately carving under pressure and letting them out of the oven, Saito should have used his own soldiers for the bridge (Till such time Nicholson was persuaded to make his men work) and created discipline and collaboration among the workers for the timely completion of the bridge. I feel that there was little room for principled negotiation as Nicholson was not willing to do so. One of the dirty tricks used by Saito was that of threat’ when he warned Nicholson that if he does not order his troops to start work on the bridge he will be shot. Another dirty trick used by Saito in the initial part of the movie was that of ‘Chinese water torture’, signifying that he kept repeating his demands without bothering much about what Nicholson has to say. 6 The third dirty trick in the movie was when Saito asked the British soldier to meet with Nicholson for 5 minutes and tell him that if he doesn’t order his officers to start work he will make the people in the hospital work. This was a ‘bluff on Saito’s part, even after hearing this Nicholson never changed his decision and the soldiers at the hospital were never made to work. What values are portrayed? Independence, cooperation, hierarchy, power, etc? The values that are portrayed in the movie are Independence, hierarchy, bravery, power, pride, patriotism, collaboration, leadership and commitment to duty. 0 How were these values portrayed? o Give examples of the type of behaviour that you base your answer upon Independence was shown when the Americ an played on his life in order to escape from the Japanese camp in order to be free. Hierarchy can be seen by the Japanese soldiers to Saito when they remove their cap and bow to him, when they get him a raised platform during the time of his speech, y the guard to Saito’s house has to stand outside even though it is raining and by the man responsible for fanning not speaking in the entire movie. These major differences in hierarchy and the soldiers accepting an unequal distribution of power indicates a high power distance index (PDI). Bravery has been shown by Nicholson when he did not give in even though Saito threaten ed him witn a gun hidden in the truck. Collaboration was shown by the soldiers once the bridge was the responsibility of Nicholson. This was not present when Saito is in charge of the bridge as stated by he British engineer when he was questioned by Nicholson what he would have done differently if this was his bridge. Because of the task-oriented approach of Nicholson and he planning ahead step by step which can be seen when he says this is the end of the agenda while meeting with Saito for discussion of the proposal for the new bridge, the soldiers were able to effectively collaborate. This suggests that Nicholson is from a linear Active Culture. Pride and patriotism can be seen when the British officers were marching in group and whistling. 7 Leadership was portrayed by Nicholson when the British soldier brought him food in he oven. Nicholson had not seen sun light for days, was weak and deprived of food and water but even then he was more concern about his officers than about himself. Commitment to duty was shown by Nicholson when he took over the responsibility of the bridge. He made the best and most efficient bridge possible, forgetting about the war and his loyalties. 0 Was there anything about the movie (sights, sounds, smells, colors, background scenes) that told you something about the culture that you were dealing with? What did you learn? The type of culture seemed to be a collectivist one. This can be seen rom the behavior of the society when the American escapes and reaches a village. 0 What does the movie tell you about the culture of the producers of the film? What about the film gives you this indication? The movie portrays glorification of western civilization in terms of perseverance and inventiveness, specifically the British. This indicates that the producer is from the British culture. Nicholson was able to circumvent Japanese commands due to his Engineers having the ability to construct a more technically sound bridge than the Japanese Engineers. 0 How do you think other audiences would react to this film? Why? I feel that other audience would feel that the film is more about the events surrounding the war rather than the battles and the fighting. These events have turned mortality, judgment and sound thought around and have eventually lead to madness. There are various examples of this so called madness in the movie; the madness of Nicholson who says that working with the enemy is not going against one’s country, the madness ot the American who accepts to return to a camp where ne escaped, nearly getting killed and the madness of a struggle the obliged men to make harsh decisions.